Irish central bank fines Coinbase arm $3.6M over oversight failures

Ireland's central bank fined Coinbase's Irish arm $3.6 million over oversight and safeguard failures, with Coinbase Ireland agreeing to the facts behind the enforcement action. The penalties and sanctions take effect pending approval by a high court. The fine is modest in size but adds to the regulatory pressure narrative around major exchanges, a headline risk traders monitor for compliance costs and licensing friction.