Explainer: how layer 2s ease Ethereum blockspace limits and high fees

This is an explainer on layer 2 scaling solutions, describing how they move transaction activity off Ethereum's base chain to relieve limited blockspace and high fees. It notes that Ethereum's main network is secure and decentralized but that rising demand pushes fees up and can price users out. There are no new figures, announcements or rulings, so it is background education rather than a trading catalyst.